Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2023-11-01
Abstract： In a typical SL task, participants are first exposed to a nonsensical artificial language for 5~10 mins and then asked to finish a 2 alternative forced choice task (2AFC). Transitional probabilities (TPs), the core concept in SL, represent the predictably between syllables. In a given artificial language, syllables within a target word occur together more frequently, resulting in higher TPs than those of the syllables that span across word boundaries. The latter is referred to as partwords and consist of lower TPs. After the exposure phase, participants enter the test phase and are presented with a partword and target word in each trial of the 2AFC task. If the accuracy across participants is higher than chance level, it is assumed that learning has occurred. However, studies have also shown that factors other than TPs, such as word token frequency, word length variations (or the lack thereof) also impact SL performance in such tasks. To date, these factors as well as their interactive effects remain under studied.
In the experiment one, we aimed to investigate whether TPs affect SL learning performance when controlling for target words’ and partwords’ token frequencies. In doing so, we created the artificial language by randomizing the order of two trisyllabic words and two disyllabic words. During the 2AFC task, three types of items (target word, partword, and nonword) were paired together, with two items in equal length in each trial. There were 24 trials in the test. 40 native Mandarin monolinguals participated in the experiment; they first listened to the artificial language for 5mins and then finished the 2AFC task. In the experiment two, an artificial language was generated with 10 syllables and presented in exposure phase, to examine whether experiment one’s learning effect came from the TP or participants’ prior language bias.
Results in experiment one showed that the accuracy of all trials was significantly higher than chance (0.5) at the group level, suggesting that participants were able to segment the artificial language of mixed word lengths. Participants were also marginally better at choosing target words over partwords, and partwords over nonwords. To investigate the independent effect of TP in SL, we subset the data by word length and found that participants’ accuracy choosing trisyllabic target words over partwords was marginally lower than their choosing disyllabic target words over partword, which suggests that disyllabic words confer advantage in SL for this group of participants. In addition, participants’ accuracy in choosing trisyllabic partwords over nonwords was significantly higher than that of disyllabic target partwords over nonwords. In the experiment two, there were no significant learning effect in any levels when the statistical information was absent.
A series of results across two behavior experiments highlight the unique contribution from TPs alone, since accuracy was assessed by controlling for word token frequency and word length. Thus, the present study suggests that TP exerts effect on verbal SL performance independent of word token frequency. Further studies should take into account more types of statistical rule such as mutual information and backward TP.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2023-08-19
Abstract： Linguists have paid more attention on Researches and investigations of Shanghai（SH）and Soochow (SC) dialects since P.R.C was established. Some remark Khuense (KS) dialect as a “half-Soochow, half-Shanghai” accent so that they are not going to have an in-depth understanding of it. In order to have some conclusion about KS’ phonetic distinctions and phonology revolution rules, the author did comparative research on modern phonologies of SC, KS and SH; also, further analysis on their onsets and rhymes based on Traditional Chinese rhyme system. It is true that KS’ phonetics has been highly influenced and changed by SH’s; However, there are accurately systemic correspondences between KS and SC’s phonemes. People cannot simply conclude that KS is a younger sibling or kid of SH. For instance, rhymes of many Yu She（遇摄）and Guo She(果摄) syllables are əʊ in KS, but u in SH. It is not easy to distinguish 2 phonological changes: əʊ > u ,a labialization of rhyme caused by Bang Xi（帮系）onsets and mediate u ; and u > əʊ , a phonetic split happened frequently in Wu Chinese. The question is critical because there are many causal-effect relationships depending on the judgment of KS’ identity, an elder or younger generation to SH.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2023-07-18
Abstract： The syllable has long been regarded as a one-order phonetic unit without being known as an illusion; vowels and consonants have been the most solid units of phonetics without being known as impostors of letters; and the historical misconception that vowels and consonants make up syllables has gone unrecognized. The article analyzes the reasons why syllables have no linguistic status, describes the confusion over the unknown origin of vowels and consonants, analyzes the relationship between syllables and letters from a chronological perspective,
and experimentally explores the unitary form of speech production, and reveals that the temporal structure of articulation prescribes the nature of syllables from a co-temporal perspective. Based on this, the paper redefines syllables in a subversive way, and reshapes the true status and value of vowels and consonants. The article concludes by suggesting that syllables evolved in a long history and eventually produced complex word syllable structures and limited pure syllable forms through shedding, whereby a set of minimal syllable analysis schemes and syncopation principles can be proposed.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2023-07-13
Abstract： Late summer is an important term in Chinese medicine. Among the ancient medical scholars, only Gao Shizong was found to have clearly explained the pronunciation of the word "late" in late summer. In order to clarify the pronunciation of the character "Chang" of Changxia, we searched the ancient classical Chinese medical texts, sorted through the existing literature and analyzed the views of existing scholars, and on this basis, we proposed a new opinion that when the character "late" is pronounced zhǎng, it means that the elders are honored; when it is pronounced cháng, it means that the elders are honored. When pronounced cháng, it expresses the good wish of life and vitality for a long time and the long duration of time, and it also indicates the longest state of the yellow bell. The clarification of the pronunciation of late summer can help to further understand Changxia and help to further interpret and study Chinese medicine.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2023-07-12
Abstract： The visual world paradigm (VWP) assesses real-time language processing by tracking and measuring eye movements in visual contexts. Linking hypotheses, such as the coordinated interplay account and the goal-based linking hypothesis, establish the link between eye movements and the cognitive processes of language comprehension. Time sensitivity is characteristic of the data generated by this paradigm. Analytical methods include the analysis of fixation proportions within time windows, divergence point analysis and growth-curve analysis, etc. Studies using the VWP provide important evidence for speech and lexical recognition, syntactic parsing, semantic integration, and the processing of discourse and pragmatic information.
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2023-04-28
Abstract： This paper studies the disyllabic patterns of four disyllabic dialects in Lan-Yin Mandarin, describes and compares the monosyllabic patterns and disyllabic patterns of the four disyllabic dialects. Then, from an acoustic perspective, a comparative analysis was conducted on the differences in duration, pitch, and intensity between two tone tones and two syllable words within four two tone dialects. The results showed that the duration of two tone tones was significantly longer than that of two syllable words, and there were corresponding differences in pitch and intensity curves. The intensity of two tone tones had a clear valley. Finally, from the perspective of language contact, this paper analyzes the causes of the double tone characteristics of Lan-Yin Mandarin's two tone dialect, and points out the significance of the comparative study of the double syllable words and double tone.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2023-04-28
Abstract： This study explores the ability of Chinese adults to detect and manipulate different speech units through speech awareness testing, and discusses the impact of rhyming and basic speech perception units in Chinese populations, as well as the knowledge of Chinese pinyin, on the establishment of speech awareness in Chinese populations. The experiment examined the performance of two groups of adult participants (each consisting of 15 people) with/without Pinyin ability in the local dialect of Duanzhou, Zhaoqing, in seven phonological awareness tests (syllable awareness, vowel detection, tone detection, initial detection, vowel substitution, tone substitution, and initial deletion). The test results showed that both groups of participants had complete syllable awareness; The Pinyin group is proficient in detecting and manipulating tonal units, while non Pinyin groups find it difficult to operate longitudinal tones alone, but have a certain level of detection ability. Among them, detecting vowels is the best, followed by tones, and vowels are the worst; The ability to generate rhyming syllables with a given stimulus without the need to extract vowels from the syllables; Pinyin groups can cut syllables at the sound vowel boundary, while non pinyin groups cannot; The acquisition of Pinyin will change the basic perception mode of Chinese phonetics.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2023-04-28
Abstract： With the progress of phonetics technology and research methods, phonemics has gradually developed from the methodology of structuralism to the methodology of cognitive science, and gradually established the "cognitive phonemics". From the perspective of cognitive phonemics, phonetic awareness is the first step in establishing phonemes. Phonemic awareness is usually defined as the phonetic units that can be perceived by native speakers without discriminating meanings. Phonetic awareness can be divided into natural phonetic awareness and unnatural phonetic awareness. Based on these basic concepts, this paper discusses the phonemic system of Chinese in different historical periods: 1) Syllabic phoneme system "Zhiyin"; 2) phonemic system of initials and finals "Fanqie"; 3) Quasi-phonemic system of initials, rhymes and tones "Guang Yun"; 4) Quasi-phonemic system of initials, rhymes and tones "Zhuyin Fuhao"; 5) Phonemic system of segments "Hanyu Pinyin". The study found that the phonemic system of Chinese gradually changed from the phonemic system based on natural phonetic awareness to the phonemic system based on unnatural phonetic awareness. From the point of view of phonetic units, it also gradually changes from syllables to segments. Based on these studies and findings, this paper gives a clear definition of "phonemic system" and "phonetic notation system", and expounds the difference between them. According to the definitions of "phonemic system" and "phonetic notation system", it is found that most of the field investigations and studies on phonemic construction of Chinese-Tibetan languages have established "phonetic notation system" rather than "phonemic system".
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Experimental Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement Subjects: Psychology >> Statistics in Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-02-08
Abstract： Objective: To establish a multi-dimensional and standardized lexical database of COVID-19-related terms and words. The database may have facilitated COVID-19-related research in domains such as Psychology, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, etc. Methods: This database referred to the established methods of the emotional lexical database at home and abroad, and used the dot-detection task and words in the database as experimental materials to test the attention bias of the subjects suspected of having COVID-19 phobia, so as to test the validity of the database. Results: 196 COVID-19-related words and 99 neutral words were included in the word database. Then, we classified and evaluated the words through six dimensions, and established a standardized database of Chinese COVID-19-related terms. The words have good reliability and internal consistency. In addition, the validity was tested through the dot-detection task. Subjects with COVID-19 fear and those without COVID-19 fear showed a significant attentional bias toward COVID-19-related words Limitations: The initial sample size is small and the database application needs further development. Conclusions: The database of Chinese COVID-19 terms has good reliability, internal consistency, and reliability, and can be used as materials related to COVID-19-related research in the future.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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