分类： 语言学及应用语言学 >> 语言学及应用语言学 提交时间： 2019-11-28
摘要： 已有研究表明，音乐训练能提高成人对普通话声调范畴感知的能力，此种训练能否增强幼儿对声调范畴感知的能力？训练效果是否受到训练时间长短的影响？本研究对幼儿园4～5岁幼儿进行音乐训练，共40人，分成音乐组和控制组，每组各20人，追踪考察音乐训练和训练时间长短对幼儿声调范畴感知能力提升的影响。实验采用前测-中测-后测设计，对音乐组开展每周3次，每次30分钟，以小钟琴演奏为主的音乐训练；控制组不进行任何有组织的训练活动。结果发现，12个月音乐训练提升了幼儿对声调范畴感知的程度，表现为音乐组幼儿范畴边界宽度显著小于控制组，而训练6个月时，该优势并不显著。此外，12个月音乐训练还加强了幼儿区分范畴内刺激声学差异的敏感性，而对范畴间刺激的区分能力无显著提高。本研究结果支持了音乐学习的歌剧理论(OPERA)，音乐训练具有跨域迁移作用，可提升4～5岁幼儿对普通话声调范畴感知的能力，但只有长期持续的训练才可能真正促进幼儿对音高进行精细化加工。
分类： 语言学及应用语言学 >> 语言学及应用语言学 提交时间： 2019-06-20
摘要： The purpose of this study was to investigate how vocal attack time (VAT) varies when young adults articulate the three vertex vowels in Mandarin Chinese at five linguistically unconstrained pitch levels. Sound pressure (SP) and electroglottographic (EGG) signals were recorded simultaneously from fifty-three male and fifty-three female subjects saying sustained /A/, /i/ and /u/ at five equally spaced pitch heights, each being higher than the preceding one. Then analyses of means, variance and correlation were performed to explore the relationships of VAT/pitch levels and VAT/vowels. Findings were: As mean STs (semitone) increase linearly from levels one to five, mean VATs decrease nonlinearly in a big group of subjects but increase nonlinearly in a small group of them. Based on the body-cover model of F0 control, data here lead to the guess that different people incline to use different strategies in increasing pitch height. When males, females and males plus females are considered as a whole, average STs and VATs tend to be positively correlated among the three vertex vowels.
分类： 语言学及应用语言学 >> 语言学及应用语言学 提交时间： 2019-06-20
摘要： This paper presents the data on the anticipatory coarticulation of C2 and V2 on V1 in V1#C2V2 sequences in Standard Chinese. Electropalatographic measures and F2 trajectory were obtained to define the articulatory and F2 targets for V1 as well as the displacement for articulatory and F2 transition of V1. Results show that the articulatory target is affected only by C2 place, while C2 place, C2 manner, and V2 show combined effect on the articulatory and F2 displacement of V1. Lip rounding associated with V2 is found to affect the F2 target and F2 transition of V1.
分类： 语言学及应用语言学 >> 语言学及应用语言学 提交时间： 2019-06-20
摘要： This paper presents an electropalatographic (EPG) and acoustic study of prosodic boundaries effect on the domain-initial segments in Standard Chinese.1 Two speech sounds, namely, the voiceless unaspirated alveolar stop /t/ and the high front vowel /i/, were studied to examine the domain-initial strengthening in both spatial and temporal dimensions. The articulatory and acoustic parameters of the speech sounds were compared in initial positions of five prosodic constituents in Standard Chinese, namely, a Syllable, a Foot, an Immediate Phrase, an Intonational Phrase, and an Utterance. The results show that: (1) the production of the domain-initial consonantal gesture was prosodically encoded. The linguopalatal contact and the seal duration varied as a function of the prosodic boundary strength. The linguopalatal contact was dependent on the seal duration in a nonlinear fashion. Of the acoustic properties of the domain-initial stop, the total voiceless interval and voicing during closure were found to be reliable acoustic correlates that mark the hierarchical structure of the prosody. (2) At the release moment of the domain-initial stop, no consistent pattern was found to support the domain-initial strengthening. The linguopalatal contact of the vowel immediately following the domain-initial consonant did not show a clear trend of domain-initial strengthening; however, the phonatory features of vowels were indicative of pitch reset at major prosodic boundaries. These indicate that the domain-initial strengthening is restricted on the segment immediately following the boundary. In conclusion Standard Chinese strengthens the phonetic features of the domain-initial segments as a function of boundary strength, which serves as an important way to mark prosodic structure in Standard Chinese.
分类： 语言学及应用语言学 >> 语言学及应用语言学 提交时间： 2019-06-20
摘要： This research studies the features of chest and abdominal breathing between reciting and chanting Chinese poems of different styles. Eight participants were recruited to recite and chant 85 modern style poems (近體詩) and 39 Song poems(宋詞). The chest and abdominal breathing signals as well as speech signal were recorded simultaneously. Programs for breathing analysis have been written to extract parameters such as breathing reset amplitude, time of inhale phase, and slope of exhale phase. The results show that the poem chanting has a larger depth of breathing and amount of breath, and more frequent exhalations compared with the poem reciting. In both poem reciting and chanting, the pause and declination of chest breathing is closely correlated with the prosodic boundaries. The major function of chest breathing in speaking is to keep the extended state of the chest and provide enough breath for articulation and chest resonance. And the function of abdominal breathing is to provide stable sub-glottal pressure through contraction of abdominal muscle and diaphragm, controlling continuous airflow to produce continuous sound.
分类： 语言学及应用语言学 >> 语言学及应用语言学 提交时间： 2019-06-20
摘要： The purpose of this research was to investigate the association of vocal attack time (VAT) and tones in speakers of Mandarin Chinese, and to explore how tones initiated at different pitch levels affected VAT. SP and EGG signals were synchronously re corded from 72 young undergraduates or postgraduates (42 females and 30 males) while they were reading aloud a wordlist of 50 disyllabic words at their most comfortable pitch, loudness and rate. VAT measures revealed three findings . (1) Vocal attack time s hows no significant difference between the common yangping and the yangping derived from shangsheng . This, from a physiological perspective, supports the argument that the tone sequence 3 3 in Mandarin is indeed converted into 2 3, nothing else. (2) The to nes of Mandarin Chinese that start from low pitch levels (35, 21) tend to present significantly different VAT values from those that start from high pitch levels (55, 51), with mean VATs of the former being much longer than those of the latter. This embodi es the nonlinear contra variant relationship between VAT and F0 at vowel onsets. (3) There are deviations or individual differences: a small number of people do not follow this pattern.
分类： 语言学及应用语言学 >> 语言学及应用语言学 提交时间： 2019-06-20
摘要： 本文在汉语音高相关研究的基础上，通过呼吸带传感器所记录的呼吸节奏变化，来分析呼吸节奏与音高（基频）之间的关系。本文按照大、中、小呼吸单元（一、二、三级呼吸）来对语料进行统计分析。一般情况下一个自然段为一个大呼吸单元，自然段里的复句对应中级呼吸单元，分句或句子成分对应小呼吸单元。我们依据呼吸重置研究了基频重置的情况，总体而言：1）呼吸重置和基频重置是规律对应的；2）在三个级别的呼吸节奏中，呼吸的重置（截距）相对比较稳定；3）一级呼吸重置中的基频重置并不大于二、三级呼吸重置的基频重置；4）基频的斜率和时长成正比；5）基频的斜率和截距成反比。
分类： 语言学及应用语言学 >> 语言学及应用语言学 提交时间： 2019-06-20
摘要： 根据结构语言学的音位对立理论和以各种语言语料库为基础，进行了一系列的理论研究和数据分析，提出了音位结构功能负担的计算方法。计算步骤主要包括：1）音节对立频次统计；2）对立类型负担量计算；3）音位系统的负担量计算；4）音位的平均负担量计算。利用本方法，以汉语20个方言3000音节为研究对象，计算了对立类型负担量、音位系统负担量和音位的平均负担量在方言上的分布，并提出了音位负担量计算的基本理论。本方法可应用于语言音位功能研究、语言历史音变和演化研究以及语音工程的应用研究。
分类： 语言学及应用语言学 >> 语言学及应用语言学 提交时间： 2019-06-19
摘要： The focus is the component highlighted in the sentence, which can be broadly divided into broad focus and narrow focus. Prosodic encoding of focus can be reflected on pitch, duration and intensity. Different languages and dialects show different characteristics. This paper takes Lujiang dialect in Anhui Province as the research object, and discusses the prosodic encoding of focus in different tones with wide focus and narrow focus. The results show that the prosodic encoding of focus in Lujiang dialect is reflected in pitch, duration and intensity.
分类： 语言学及应用语言学 >> 语言学及应用语言学 提交时间： 2019-06-19
摘要： We conducted an experiment consisting of five blocks to examine the effect of non-labial facial information on audiovisual speech perception. 20 Chinese native speakers were asked to report the syllables they perceived during five condition: audio-only, video-only, video-only without labial part, audiovisual and audiovisual without labial part. The materials were /pa/, /tsa/, /ta/, /tʂa/ and /ka/, which were selected according to places of articulation from front to back. The results showed that even though the non-labial facial information was not enough to distinguish non-labial consonants, they could have significant effect on auditory speech perception
分类： 语言学及应用语言学 >> 语言学及应用语言学 提交时间： 2019-02-27
摘要： This paper is a study for an improved dynamic glottal model through high-speed imaging (HSI). As is well known, speech production comprises three parts, namely speech source, speech resonance and lip radiation. Among these three parts, speech source is the most important one because it is the basis of speech. In research on speech production, acoustical models of speech source have been well established. But the physiological speech source, that is to say, the activity of glottis is seldom researched, because the vibration of vocal folds is difficult to observe and sample. A study on glottal model was established many years ago (Kong, 2007), and in that model, the static glottis was modeled by four quarters of ellipses in three modes namely normal mode, leakage mode and open mode. The dynamic glottal control function was modeled by an approximation of multiplication of sine and exponential. The problem of the dynamic glottal model is that the control parameters can’t be well explained, though the glottis can be simulated. In this study, more high-speed images were sampled, the image processing was greatly improved and the dynamic glottal control function was modeled with parameters which were significant to speech perception.
点击量
点击量
下载量
评论
待评议
