Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2019-06-20
Abstract: " This paper presents an electropalatographic (EPG) and acoustic study of prosodic boundaries effect on the domain-initial segments in Standard Chinese.1 Two speech sounds, namely, the voiceless unaspirated alveolar stop /t/ and the high front vowel /i/, were studied to examine the domain-initial strengthening in both spatial and temporal dimensions. The articulatory and acoustic parameters of the speech sounds were compared in initial positions of five prosodic constituents in Standard Chinese, namely, a Syllable, a Foot, an Immediate Phrase, an Intonational Phrase, and an Utterance. The results show that: (1) the production of the domain-initial consonantal gesture was prosodically encoded. The linguopalatal contact and the seal duration varied as a function of the prosodic boundary strength. The linguopalatal contact was dependent on the seal duration in a nonlinear fashion. Of the acoustic properties of the domain-initial stop, the total voiceless interval and voicing during closure were found to be reliable acoustic correlates that mark the hierarchical structure of the prosody. (2) At the release moment of the domain-initial stop, no consistent pattern was found to support the domain-initial strengthening. The linguopalatal contact of the vowel immediately following the domain-initial consonant did not show a clear trend of domain-initial strengthening; however, the phonatory features of vowels were indicative of pitch reset at major prosodic boundaries. These indicate that the domain-initial strengthening is restricted on the segment immediately following the boundary. In conclusion Standard Chinese strengthens the phonetic features of the domain-initial segments as a function of boundary strength, which serves as an important way to mark prosodic structure in Standard Chinese.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2019-06-20
Abstract: "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2019-06-20
Abstract: " The purpose of this study was to investigate how vocal attack time (VAT) varies when young adults articulate the three vertex vowels in Mandarin Chinese at five linguistically unconstrained pitch levels. Sound pressure (SP) and electroglottographic (EGG) signals were recorded simultaneously from fifty-three male and fifty-three female subjects saying sustained /A/, /i/ and /u/ at five equally spaced pitch heights, each being higher than the preceding one. Then analyses of means, variance and correlation were performed to explore the relationships of VAT/pitch levels and VAT/vowels. Findings were: As mean STs (semitone) increase linearly from levels one to five, mean VATs decrease nonlinearly in a big group of subjects but increase nonlinearly in a small group of them. Based on the body-cover model of F0 control, data here lead to the guess that different people incline to use different strategies in increasing pitch height. When males, females and males plus females are considered as a whole, average STs and VATs tend to be positively correlated among the three vertex vowels.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2019-06-20
Abstract: " This paper presents the data on the anticipatory coarticulation of C2 and V2 on V1 in V1#C2V2 sequences in Standard Chinese. Electropalatographic measures and F2 trajectory were obtained to define the articulatory and F2 targets for V1 as well as the displacement for articulatory and F2 transition of V1. Results show that the articulatory target is affected only by C2 place, while C2 place, C2 manner, and V2 show combined effect on the articulatory and F2 displacement of V1. Lip rounding associated with V2 is found to affect the F2 target and F2 transition of V1.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2019-06-20
Abstract: " The purpose of this research was to investigate the association of vocal attack time (VAT) and tones in speakers of Mandarin Chinese, and to explore how tones initiated at different pitch levels affected VAT. SP and EGG signals were synchronously re corded from 72 young undergraduates or postgraduates (42 females and 30 males) while they were reading aloud a wordlist of 50 disyllabic words at their most comfortable pitch, loudness and rate. VAT measures revealed three findings . (1) Vocal attack time s hows no significant difference between the common yangping and the yangping derived from shangsheng . This, from a physiological perspective, supports the argument that the tone sequence 3 3 in Mandarin is indeed converted into 2 3, nothing else. (2) The to nes of Mandarin Chinese that start from low pitch levels (35, 21) tend to present significantly different VAT values from those that start from high pitch levels (55, 51), with mean VATs of the former being much longer than those of the latter. This embodi es the nonlinear contra variant relationship between VAT and F0 at vowel onsets. (3) There are deviations or individual differences: a small number of people do not follow this pattern.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2018-11-29
Abstract:本文通过声学实验提取基频参数,研究了蒙阴方言的单字调和双字调声调模式。实验结果表明,蒙阴方言有四个单字调:2个降调、1个声调和1个曲折调,其中阴平、阳平、上声、去声的调值分别为213、54、24、42。双字调共有20种组合模式,连读变调后发生归并后共16种。连读变调在前后字都有发生:阴平大部分情况变为只降不升;阳平作前字时未发生变化,作后字时趋于平调;上声变调情况最为复杂;去声在前后字中都未发生变化;此外,蒙阴方言双字调中单字调后接轻声的连读变调模式很有特点,前接单字调基本都发生了变调,后接的轻声调值也各不相同。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2019-02-27
Abstract: " This paper is a study for an improved dynamic glottal model through high-speed imaging (HSI). As is well known, speech production comprises three parts, namely speech source, speech resonance and lip radiation. Among these three parts, speech source is the most important one because it is the basis of speech. In research on speech production, acoustical models of speech source have been well established. But the physiological speech source, that is to say, the activity of glottis is seldom researched, because the vibration of vocal folds is difficult to observe and sample. A study on glottal model was established many years ago (Kong, 2007), and in that model, the static glottis was modeled by four quarters of ellipses in three modes namely normal mode, leakage mode and open mode. The dynamic glottal control function was modeled by an approximation of multiplication of sine and exponential. The problem of the dynamic glottal model is that the control parameters can’t be well explained, though the glottis can be simulated. In this study, more high-speed images were sampled, the image processing was greatly improved and the dynamic glottal control function was modeled with parameters which were significant to speech perception.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2019-11-28
Abstract: Music and speech share many acoustic commonalities and cognitive mechanisms. Previous studies have found that music training can improve categorical perception (CP) of Mandarin tones in adult musicians. However, it remains to be established whether music training can enhance the categorical perception of Mandarin tones in young children and whether the training effects can be influenced by the training duration. The present study used a 2 (group: music training vs no-training) × 3 (test time: pre vs 6-month post vs 12-month post) between-and-within-subjects design to investigate the effects of music training on 4- to 5-year-old children’s CP of a Mandarin lexical tone continuum (from Tone 1 to Tone 2). The music training consisted of 110 sessions, 30 minutes per session, and three sessions per week for 12 months involving 20 preschoolers. The children were assigned to two groups, music training group (N=20, age range from 49.69 months to 51.42 months, SD=2.91 months) and control group (N=20, age range from 51.69 to 52.56 months, SD=3.0 months). In the music training group, the instructor guided children in activities leading to playing the small carillon, while children in the no-training group were given routine class activities. Each session of music training consisted four parts: Part 1 was “listen and sing songs” in which children learned to master notes and focus attention on subtle pitch changes; Part 2 was “listen and discriminate musical notes”, children learned to play a single note accurately according to the background music; Part 3 was “listen and play the carillon”, children listened to pitch changes in the background music, sang the notes and played the whole song melody; Part 4 was “play the carillon along with actions”, children listened to the background music and learned to play the carillon along with simple dancing actions. Children’s CP of tone continuum was measured before the learning began, after 6- month and after 12- month training using two tasks (identification test and discrimination test). This study investigated if music training can enhance children’s boundary position, boundary width, within-category and between-category discrimination accuracy in CP of Mandarin Tone 1 and Tone 2 through 2 (group: music training vs no-training) ×3 (test time: pre vs 6-month post vs 12-month post) repeated measures ANOVA. The results revealed that although the perceptual boundary positions and ability to discriminate between-category tone pairs were unaffected by training, the boundary width values and within-category discrimination accuracies differed significantly between the experimental and control groups. The analysis of boundary width values and within-category discrimination accuracy revealed a significant interaction between group and test time. An analysis of simple effects further indicated that in the pretest and 6-month posttest, there was no significant effect between music training group and no-training group. In the 12-month posttest, the boundary width decreased significantly and the within-category discrimination accuracies increased significantly in the music training group, while no significant differences were found on boundary width and within-category discrimination accuracy in the control group. These results suggest that long-term music training can enhance children’s CP of Mandarin tonal contrasts. In conclusion, our results supported the OPERA theory that music training can raise the steepness of boundary widths and enhance children’s sensitivity to subtle pitch differences between within-category sounds in the presence of robust mental representation in the service of CP of lexical tonal contrasts.
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2018-11-29
Abstract: This paper is intended to investigate how the Dai Dialect speaker in Dehong Autonomous Prefecture perceives Mandarin tones. Therefore identification and discrimination experiments are conducted of the four Mandarin tone continuums with Dai Language speakers. The results suggested that the Dai Language speaker’s perception mode of T1-T2 and T2-T4 continuums are Categorical Perception, but for T1-T3, T2-T3, T3-T4 and T1-T4 continuums are not. These findings indicate that Dai language tone system does have a significant influence on the perception of Mandarin tones.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2020-03-10
Abstract: " " "
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2019-06-20
Abstract: "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2019-06-20
Abstract: " This research studies the features of chest and abdominal breathing between reciting and chanting Chinese poems of different styles. Eight participants were recruited to recite and chant 85 modern style poems (近體詩) and 39 Song poems(宋詞). The chest and abdominal breathing signals as well as speech signal were recorded simultaneously. Programs for breathing analysis have been written to extract parameters such as breathing reset amplitude, time of inhale phase, and slope of exhale phase. The results show that the poem chanting has a larger depth of breathing and amount of breath, and more frequent exhalations compared with the poem reciting. In both poem reciting and chanting, the pause and declination of chest breathing is closely correlated with the prosodic boundaries. The major function of chest breathing in speaking is to keep the extended state of the chest and provide enough breath for articulation and chest resonance. And the function of abdominal breathing is to provide stable sub-glottal pressure through contraction of abdominal muscle and diaphragm, controlling continuous airflow to produce continuous sound.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2019-06-19
Abstract: " We conducted an experiment consisting of five blocks to examine the effect of non-labial facial information on audiovisual speech perception. 20 Chinese native speakers were asked to report the syllables they perceived during five condition: audio-only, video-only, video-only without labial part, audiovisual and audiovisual without labial part. The materials were /pa/, /tsa/, /ta/, /tʂa/ and /ka/, which were selected according to places of articulation from front to back. The results showed that even though the non-labial facial information was not enough to distinguish non-labial consonants, they could have significant effect on auditory speech perception.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2019-06-19
Abstract: " The focus is the component highlighted in the sentence, which can be broadly divided into broad focus and narrow focus. Prosodic encoding of focus can be reflected on pitch, duration and intensity. Different languages and dialects show different characteristics. This paper takes Lujiang dialect in Anhui Province as the research object, and discusses the prosodic encoding of focus in different tones with wide focus and narrow focus. The results show that the prosodic encoding of focus in Lujiang dialect is reflected in pitch, duration and intensity.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2021-03-08
Abstract:潜江方言属于北方方言区西南官话的武(汉)天(门)片,有阴平、阳平、上声、去声四个调类,历来关于潜江方言在西南官话中所属分区问题、音系系统、语法特点、词汇特点等方面的讨论成果颇丰,但未曾通过数据测量对潜江方言进行过声学分析。本文通过实验语音学的方法,运用Praat软件,通过提取潜江方言单、双字调的基频信息对潜江方言的单字调和双字调进行分析,重新测量单、双字调的调值,并总结双字调中的音变规律。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2021-03-08
Abstract:肇庆市高要区乐城镇位于广东省中部偏西,当地通行的“白话”属于广府粤方言的一种。此前方言学专著将高要与肇庆城区作为同一个方言点记录,未见高要区内其他方言点的声学分析结果及关于乐城白话的相关记录。实验结果表明,乐城话共有9个调类,分别定为阴平、阳平、阴上、阳上、阴去、阳去、上阴入、下阴入和阳入。乐城白话中没有明显的双字调变调现象,但前字调域偏窄,发音时长较短。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2021-03-08
Abstract:新绛方言属于中原官话汾河片绛州小片。本文采用实验研究的方法,以基频为主要声学参数,对运城市新绛县方言单字调和双音节连读变调进行研究。实验结果表明,新绛方言单字调有3个调类,阴平、去声调为高降调41,阳平调为中升调34,上声为平调33。在双音节连读变调中,变化较为显著,前字、后字均有变调。阳平、上声、去声同为上声前字时发生合并。双音节组合调类一共有16种模式,归并后为13个。语音变调的规律性较强。在大部分情况下,阴平调型保持降调不变,调值会有些许变化。由于有古音为入声来源的词,阳平为前字多两种组合模式。变调多在阳平和上声中发生。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2021-03-08
Abstract:河南荥阳方言属官话方言的中原官话,有阴平、阳平、上声、去声四个声调,没有入声。本文根据方言音系设计字表,以实验语音学的方法来提取代表字词的基频和时长等参数,依据五度标调法和归一法原则,分析了荥阳方言单字调和双字调的基频模式。借助Praat软件重新测定单字调中两个降调(阳平52、去声31),一个平调(上声33),一个升调(阴平23);测定了不同声调组合的双字调,并在此基础上总结了双字调的音变规则。荥阳方言双字调变调模式中,以前字变调为主,产生了53、42、44、32共4个新声调,其变调类型以简化型连调和异化型连调为主。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2021-03-07
Abstract:本文通过对采集的 辽宁省 葫芦岛市南票区的单双字调进行语音学分析, 总结 了有关这一东北官话哈 抚片 长锦小片 方言 的连读变调规律。 本文通过分析 该方言区 阴平 、 阳平、 上声 、 去声 的 作 前后字的规律,根据基频变化 使用 五度标调 法 指出了一些双音节 中的连读变调情况。 除 阳平 作 前字、 阴平 的情况外, 双音节 词中的单字调值均与单 音节 时有 一定区别 。单字调 的基频值 男女差异不大, 在 双字调中的一些情况女性调值比男性高。 该地区的双音节调位组合 存在 调位合并现象, 实际的 双音节调位组合可以看作 14 种 阳平 加 阴平 、 阳平加上声、上声加上声的调位组合基本一致 上声 作后字时有时尾部也有微弱上 升 。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2020-11-25
Abstract:通过对通渭方言的单字和双字组语音进行声学分析,提取基频参数研究该方言的声调模式。实验结果表明,通渭方言有三个单字调平声、上声、去声诟值分别为23、52、44。双字组声调模式出去轻声之外共有13种,在前后字都有发生,其中平声连读变调模式最为复杂,能够从连读变调模式中分别阴平和阳平,上声除了首还可能在发声方法上存在与葫母相关的嘎裂特征,去声无变调。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review